IHC image of TMEM119 staining in a section of frozen normal mouse brain wild type (upper panel) and TMEM119 knockout (lower panel). No antigen retrieval step was performed prior to staining. Non-specific protein-protein interactions were then blocked in PBS containing 0.5% (v/v) Triton X-100, 0.3 M (w/v) glycine and 1% (w/v) BSA for 1 h at room temperature. The section was then incubated overnight at +4°C in PBS containing 0.5% (v/v) Triton X-100 and 1% (w/v) BSA with ab209064 at 0.5 µg/ml. The secondary antibody was ab150087 (shown in red) used at 2 µg/ml for 1 hour at room temperature. Nuclear DNA was labelled with DAPI (shown in blue). The section was then mounted using Fluoromount®. Images were taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).

For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated), customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, antibody concentrations and incubation times.

IHC image of TMEM119 and Iba1 co-staining in a section of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded normal mouse brain. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH6) in a Dako Pascal pressure cooker using the standard factory-set regime. Non-specific protein-protein interactions were then blocked in PBS containing 0.5% (v/v) Triton X-100, 0.3 M (w/v) glycine and 1% (w/v) BSA for 1 h at room temperature. The section was then incubated overnight at +4°C in TBS containing 0.5% (v/v) Triton X-100 and 1% (w/v) BSA with ab209064 at 1 µg/ml and ab5076 at 5 µg/ml. The secondary antibodies were ab150087 (shown in red) and ab150133 (shown in green) used at 2 µg/ml for 1 hour at room temperature. Nuclear DNA was labelled with DAPI (shown in blue). The section was then mounted using Fluoromount®. Images were taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).

For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated), customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, antibody concentrations and incubation times.

ab209064 staining TMEM119 in Mouse corpus callosum sections by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-Fr - frozen sections). Tissue was fixed with paraformaldehyde and blocked with 0.5% BSA for 1 hour at 23°C. Samples were incubated with primary antibody at 1.4µg/ml for 18 hours at 4°C. An Alexa Fluor® 488 -conjugated Donkey anti-rabbit IgG polyclonal was used as the secondary antibody.

TMEM119 (green), Iba1 (red) and DAPI (blue)

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IHC image of TMEM119 staining in a section of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded normal mouse brain. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH6) in a Dako Pascal pressure cooker using the standard factory-set regime. Non-specific protein-protein interactions were then blocked in PBS containing 0.5% (v/v) Triton X-100, 0.3 M (w/v) glycine and 1% (w/v) BSA for 1 h at room temperature. The section was then incubated overnight at +4°C in PBS containing 0.5% (v/v) Triton X-100 and 1% (w/v) BSA with ab209064 at 0.1 µg/ml. The secondary antibody was ab150087 (shown in red) used at 2 µg/ml for 1 hour at room temperature. Nuclear DNA was labelled with DAPI (shown in blue). The section was then mounted using Fluoromount®. The image was taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).

For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated), customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, antibody concentrations and incubation times.

IHC image of TMEM119 staining in a section of frozen normal mouse brain. No antigen retrieval step was performed prior to staining. Non-specific protein-protein interactions were then blocked in PBS containing 0.5% (v/v) Triton X-100, 0.3 M (w/v) glycine and 1% (w/v) BSA for 1 h at room temperature. The section was then incubated overnight at +4°C in PBS containing 0.5% (v/v) Triton X-100 and 1% (w/v) BSA with ab209064 at 0.5 µg/ml. The secondary antibody was ab150087 (shown in red) used at 2 µg/ml for 1 hour at room temperature. Nuclear DNA was labelled with DAPI (shown in blue). The section was then mounted using Fluoromount^®. The image was taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).

For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated), customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, antibody concentrations and incubation times.

IHC image of TMEM119 staining in a section of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded normal mouse brain, performed on a Leica Bond™ system using the standard protocol B. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH6, epitope retrieval solution 1) for 20 mins. The section was then incubated with ab209064, 0.5 µg/ml, for 15 mins at room temperature. A goat anti-Rabbit biotinylated secondary antibody was used to detect the primary, and visualized using an HRP conjugated ABC system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX.

For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated) customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, primary antibody concentration and antibody incubation times.

ab209064 at 1:2000 staining TMEM119 antibody in mouse cerebrum tissue by immunohistochemistry (FFPE). Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse cerebrum tissue labeling TMEM119 with ab209064 at 1/2000 dilution followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP). Positive staining on glial cells in mouse cerebrum is observed. Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval using ab93684 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0) before commencing with IHC staining protocol. Counter stained with hematoxylin.

Normal (WT) mouse brain, stained for TMEM119 (red), Iba1 (green) and DAPI (blue). Samples were baked onto slides for 10 minutes at 60^oC, rehydrated with PBS and blocked with blocking buffer (10% serum in PBST). ab209064 at a concentration of 1 µg/mL was incubated with the sample overnight at 4^oC. Slides were washed with PBS and a goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488^® was used as the secondary antibody at a concentration of 4 µg/mL.

Normal mouse choroid plexus, stained for TMEM119 (red), Iba1 (green) and DAPI (blue). Choroid plexus macrophages are positive for Iba1 and negative for TMEM119. Samples were baked onto slides for 10 minutes at 60^oC, rehydrated with PBS and blocked with blocking buffer (10% serum in PBST). ab209064 at a concentration of 1 µg/mL was incubated with the sample overnight at 4^oC. Slides were washed with PBS and a goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488^® was used as the secondary antibody at a concentration of 4 µg/mL.

Representative images of sham (d–g) and hypoperfusion (h–k) at 12 weeks post-surgery are shown to illustrate Iba-1 immunostaining in sham (d) and hypoperfused (h); TMEM119 immunostaining in sham (e) and hypoperfused (i) and then Iba-1/TMEM119 co-localisation in sham (f,g) and hypoperfused (j,k) white matter. All Iba-1⁺ cells in both sham and hypoperfused cohorts were also TMEM119⁺ indicating that the cells in the corpus callosum were resident microglia. Scale bars; d-f and h-j are 50µm, g and k 10 µm. The number of microglial cells significantly correlated with nodal gap length.

Free floating cryo-preserved sections cut at 30 μm thickness. Sections were incubated with the primary antibodies (anti-Iba-1 (1/100) and anti-TMEM119 (1/500, ab209064)) overnight at 4°C. Sections were stained at the outset with haematoxylin and eosin to determine the presence and absence of ischemic neuronal perikaryal damage as part of the inclusion/exclusion criteria.