ab101138 is a novel anti-melanoma antibody. Studies thus far have shown a similar sensitivity to melanocytic proliferations as that seen with S100 protein staining, which is somewhat higher than that seen with HMB45. This has been confirmed by one study on a series of 215 sentinel lymph nodes. Moreover, ab101138 identified 6 patients (3%) who had confirmed sentinel lymph node metastasis but stained negative for HMB45. In this setting, the resolution appears to be higher than S100 protein in that the staining pattern (membranous) is quite distinct. Interestingly, most cases of desmoplastic and spindle cell melanomas show strongly positive results with ab101138, unlike that seen with other melanocyte markers. It should be noted that ab101138 will label occasional endothelial cells which can serve as an internal positive control. A small percentage of well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas of the skin (and lung) have also been noted to stain with this antibody; however, the poorly differentiated forms of carcinoma do not, thus resolving a greater practical problem in differential diagnosis. Therefore, ab101138 is a useful additional marker for melanoma, specifically in desmoplastic/spindle cell cases and in the context of micrometastasis in sentinel lymph node.

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