The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 induces cellular response through two subunits of its receptor, IL-1 receptor I (IL-1RI) and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) mediates activation of NF-kB, which is a pivotal transcription factor mediating inflammatory and immune response. A novel member in the IRAK/Pelle family was recently identified and designated IRAK2 (1). Both IRAK and IRAK2 recruit to the subunits of the IL-1R complex after IL-1 binding and lead to NF-kB activation. IRAKs also associate with Toll-like receptor (TLR) and the dominant negative mutants of IRAKs inhibit LPS-induced NF-kB activation (2,3).Members in IRAK/Pelle family play a central role in IL-1R and TLR mediated inflammatory response. IRAK2 is expressed in a variety of human tissues.