Initiates the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Serine protease that circulates in the blood in a zymogen form. Factor VII is converted to factor VIIa by factor Xa, factor XIIa, factor IXa, or thrombin by minor proteolysis. In the presence of tissue factor and calcium ions, factor VIIa then converts factor X to factor Xa by limited proteolysis. Factor VIIa will also convert factor IX to factor IXa in the presence of tissue factor and calcium.

Plasma.

Defects in F7 are the cause of factor VII deficiency (FA7D) [MIM:227500]. A hemorrhagic disease with variable presentation. The clinical picture can be very severe, with the early occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhages or repeated hemarthroses, or, in contrast, moderate with cutaneous-mucosal hemorrhages (epistaxis, menorrhagia) or hemorrhages provoked by a surgical intervention. Finally, numerous subjects are completely asymptomatic despite very low factor VII levels.

Belongs to the peptidase S1 family.
Contains 2 EGF-like domains.
Contains 1 Gla (gamma-carboxy-glutamate) domain.
Contains 1 peptidase S1 domain.

The vitamin K-dependent, enzymatic carboxylation of some glutamate residues allows the modified protein to bind calcium.
The iron and 2-oxoglutarate dependent 3-hydroxylation of aspartate and asparagine is (R) stereospecific within EGF domains.
O- and N-glycosylated. N-glycosylation at Asn-205 occurs cotranslationally and is mediated by STT3A-containing complexes, while glycosylation at Asn-382 is post-translational and is mediated STT3B-containing complexes before folding. O-fucosylated by POFUT1 on a conserved serine or threonine residue found in the consensus sequence C2-X(4,5)-[S/T]-C3 of EGF domains, where C2 and C3 are the second and third conserved cysteines.

Secreted.