Lipolysis is the hydrolysis of triglycerides within the cell into glycerol and free fatty acids. The glycerol and free fatty acids are then released into the bloodstream or culture media. Lipolysis occurs in essentially all cells, but is most abundant in white and brown adipose tissue. Deficiencies in lipolysis lead to increased intracellular lipid accumulation, resulting in abnormal cellular physiology, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. Lipolysis can be induced by catecholamine and certain hormones. The kit includes synthetic catecholamine, Isoproterenol, which activates β-adrenergic receptors. This leads to activation of adenylate cyclase, which catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP. cAMP then serves as a second messenger to activate hormone-sensitive lipase, which hydrolyzes the triglycerides. This pathway can be inhibited by insulin.

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