ICC/IF image of ab18056 stained MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) cells. The cells were fixed in 4% formaldehyde for 10 minutes and then incubated in 1%BSA / 10% normal goat serum / 0.3M glycine in 0.1% PBS-Tween for 1 hour to permeabilize the cells and block non-specific protein-protein interactions. The cells were then incubated with the antibody (ab18056, 1 µg/ml) overnight at +4°C. The secondary antibody (green) was Alexa Fluor^® 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) used at a 1/1000 dilution for 1 hour. Alexa Fluor^® 594 WGA was used to label plasma membranes (red) at a 1/200 dilution for 1 hour. DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclei (blue) at a concentration of 1.43 µM.

Overlay histogram showing A549 (human lung carcinoma cell line) cells stained with ab18056 (red line). The cells were fixed with 80% methanol (5 minutes) and then permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Tween for 20 minutes. The cells were then incubated in 1x PBS / 10% normal goat serum / 0.3M glycine to block non-specific protein-protein interactions followed by the antibody (ab18056, 1 µg/ 1 x 10⁶ cells) for 30 minutes at 22ºC. The secondary antibody used was DyLight^® 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (ab96879) at 1/500 dilution for 30 minutes at 22ºC. Isotype control antibody (black line) was mouse IgG1 [ICIGG1] (ab91353, 2 µg/ 1 x 10⁶ cells) used under the same conditions. Acquisition of >5,000 events was performed. This antibody gave a positive signal in A549 cells fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (10 minutes)/permeabilized in 0.1% PBS-Tween used under the same conditions.

IHC image of ab18056 staining in human kidney formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue section, performed on a Leica Bond^TM system using the standard protocol F. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6, epitope retrieval solution 1) for 20 minutes. The section was then incubated with ab18056, 10 µg/ml, for 15 minutes at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX.

For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated) customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, primary antibody concentration and antibody incubation times.