Recombinant mouse IL-1 beta protein (Active) (ab259421)
Key features and details
- Expression system: HEK 293 cells
- Purity: >= 95% SDS-PAGE
- Endotoxin level:
- Active: Yes
- Suitable for: Cell Culture, Functional Studies, SDS-PAGE, MS, HPLC
Preparation and Storage
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Alternative names
- Catabolin
- H1
- IFN beta inducing factor
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Function
Potent proinflammatory cytokine. Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B-cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. -
Tissue specificity
Expressed in activated monocytes/macrophages (at protein level). -
Sequence similarities
Belongs to the IL-1 family. -
Post-translational
modificationsActivation of the IL1B precursor involves a CASP1-catalyzed proteolytic cleavage. Processing and secretion are temporarily associated. -
Cellular localization
Cytoplasm, cytosol. Lysosome. Secreted, exosome. Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome. Secreted. The precursor is cytosolic. In response to inflammasome-activating signals, such as ATP for NLRP3 inflammasome or bacterial flagellin for NLRC4 inflammasome, cleaved and secreted. IL1B lacks any known signal sequence and the pathway(s) of its secretion is(are) not yet fully understood (PubMed:24201029). On the basis of experimental results, several unconventional secretion mechanisms have been proposed. 1. Secretion via secretory lysosomes: a fraction of CASP1 and IL1B precursor may be incorporated, by a yet undefined mechanism, into secretory lysosomes that undergo Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis with release of mature IL1B (PubMed:15192144). 2. Secretory autophagy: IL1B-containing autophagosomes may fuse with endosomes or multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and then merge with the plasma membrane releasing soluble IL1B or IL1B-containing exosomes (PubMed:24201029). However, autophagy impacts IL1B production at several levels and its role in secretion is still controversial. 3. Secretion via exosomes: ATP-activation of P2RX7 leads to the formation of MVBs containing exosomes with entrapped IL1B, CASP1 and other inflammasome components. These MVBs undergo exocytosis with the release of exosomes. The release of soluble IL1B occurs after the lysis of exosome membranes (By similarity). 4. Secretion by microvesicle shedding: activation of the ATP receptor P2RX7 may induce an immediate shedding of membrane-derived microvesicles containing IL1B and possibly inflammasome components. The cytokine is then released in the extracellular compartment after microvesicle lysis (PubMed:11728343). 5. Release by translocation through permeabilized plasma membrane. This may occur in cells undergoing pyroptosis due to sustained activation of the inflammasome (By similarity). These mechanisms may not be not mutually exclusive. - Information by UniProt
Images
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Functional Studies - Recombinant mouse IL-1 beta protein (Active) (ab259421)
Fully biologically active compared to a standard. Determined by dose-dependant stimulation of human TF-1 cells. ED50 is ≤ 0.5294 ng /ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 1.89 x 106 units/mg.
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SDS-PAGE - Recombinant mouse IL-1 beta protein (Active) (ab259421)SDS-PAGE analysis of ab259421.
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HPLC - Recombinant mouse IL-1 beta protein (Active) (ab259421)Purity 100%
The spectrum was recorded using a 1260 Infinity II HPLC system with DAD and a MabPac RP column (3.0x100 mm, 4 µm). 5 µL of purified protein was injected and the gradient run from 80 % water:TFA (99.9:0.1 v/v) and 20 % acetonitrile:water:TFA (90:9.9:0.1 v/v/v) to 20 % water:TFA (99.9:0.1 v/v) and 80 % acetonitrile:water:TFA (90:9.9:0.1 v/v/v) within 3 minutes followed by an isocratic step for another 3 min. Flow rate was 0.5 mL/min and the column compartment temperature was 50 °C.
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Mass Spectrometry - Recombinant mouse IL-1 beta protein (Active) (ab259421)M + 0.61 Da (Calc. mass 17451.39).
The spectrum was recorded with a 6545XT AdvanceBio LC/Q-TOF (Agilent Technologies) and a MabPac RP column (42.1x50 mm, 4 µm, Thermo Scientific). 5 µL of purified protein was injected and the gradient run from 85 % water:FA (99.9:0.1 v/v) and 15 % acetonitrile:FA (90:9.9:0.1 v/v/v) to 55 % water:FA (99.9:0.1 v/v) and 45 % acetonitrile:FA (90:9.9:0.1 v/v/v) within 3 minutes followed by an isocratic step for another 2.5 min. Flow rate was 0.4 mL/min and the column compartment temperature was 60 °C. Data was analysed and deconvoluted using the Bioconfirm software (Agilent Technologies).