FirePlex NHP Key Cytokines - Immunoassay Panel (ab239455)
Properties
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Storage instructions
Please refer to protocols. -
Components 1 x 96 tests 10X NHP Key Cytokines Panel Capture Particles 1 vial 10X Wash Buffer 1 x 25ml 15X NHP Key Cytokines Panel Biotin Detectors 1 vial 2X Human & NHP Assay Diluent 1 x 15ml 5X Reporter Solution 1 x 4ml 96-well microplate with a filter 1 unit Filter Plate Seal 1 x 3 units NHP Key Cytokines Protein Standard Mix 1 vial Tungsten cleaning wire 1 unit -
Research areas
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Cellular localization
TNF alpha: Secreted and Cell membrane. IL-8: Secreted. MCP1: Secreted. IL-6: Secreted. GM-CSF: Secreted. IL-10: Secreted. Interferon gamma: Secreted. IL-13: Secreted. IL-5: Secreted. IL-1 beta: Cytoplasm, cytosol. Lysosome. Secreted, exosome. Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome. Secreted. The precursor is cytosolic. In response to inflammasome-activating signals, such as ATP for NLRP3 inflammasome or bacterial flagellin for NLRC4 inflammasome, cleaved and secreted. IL1B lacks any known signal sequence and the pathway(s) of its secretion is(are) not yet fully understood (PubMed:24201029). On the basis of experimental results, several unconventional secretion mechanisms have been proposed. 1. Secretion via secretory lysosomes: a fraction of CASP1 and IL1B precursor may be incorporated, by a yet undefined mechanism, into secretory lysosomes that undergo Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis with release of mature IL1B (PubMed:15192144). 2. Secretory autophagy: IL1B-containing autophagosomes may fuse with endosomes or multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and then merge with the plasma membrane releasing soluble IL1B or IL1B-containing exosomes (PubMed:24201029). However, autophagy impacts IL1B production at several levels and its role in secretion is still controversial. 3. Secretion via exosomes: ATP-activation of P2RX7 leads to the formation of MVBs containing exosomes with entrapped IL1B, CASP1 and other inflammasome components. These MVBs undergo exocytosis with the release of exosomes. The release of soluble IL1B occurs after the lysis of exosome membranes (By similarity). 4. Secretion by microvesicle shedding: activation of the ATP receptor P2RX7 may induce an immediate shedding of membrane-derived microvesicles containing IL1B and possibly inflammasome components. The cytokine is then released in the extracellular compartment after microvesicle lysis (PubMed:11728343). 5. Release by translocation through permeabilized plasma membrane. This may occur in cells undergoing pyroptosis due to sustained activation of the inflammasome (By similarity). These mechanisms may not be not mutually exclusive. Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1 beta: Secreted. IL-2: Secreted. IL-4: Secreted. MIP 1 alpha: Secreted. IL12 p70: Secreted. IL-17A: Secreted.